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Saturday, January 1, 2011

M.Sc. Zoology

P.G. Entrance Examination Syllabus in Zoology 2013

Unit I: General notes and classification of the phyla Protozoa, Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora,  Platyhelminthes, Nematehelminthes upto classes with examples. Functional morphology of  Plasmodium, Entamoeba, Leishmania, Giardia lamblia, Trypanosoma, Fasciola hepatica, Taenia saginata, Wucheraria bancrofti, Schistosoma, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichinella  spiralis , Ancylostoma duodenale, with special emphasis on the adaptations to their mode  of life and environment.

Unit 2: General characters and classification of the phylum Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca,  Echinodermata, Minor Non-Coelomate phyla (Endoprocta, Rotifera, Nematophora,  Acanthocephala) and Minor Coelomate phyla (Chaetognatha, Pogonophora, Lophophora,  Phoronida, Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta) upto classes with examples.

Unit 3: General notes and classification of Protochordates- Cephalochordate and Urochordate;  Fishes and Amphibians upto orders with examples emphasizing their biodiversity,  Economic importance and conservation measures.

Unit 4: General notes and classification of Reptiles, Birds and Mammals upto orders with  Examples emphasizing their biodiversity, economic importance and conservation measures;  Phylogeny of horse, Dentition in Mammals.

Unit 5: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. Cellular organelles including Peroxisomes and  Glyoxysomes; Cytoskeleton- Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments and Microtubules;  Cellular membranes- composition and structure; Cell recognition and Adhesion; Membrane  transport- Active and Passive; Endocytosis and Exocytosis; Cellular energy transactions-  role of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts; Cell signaling and communication: Signals,  Receptors, Signal transduction, Direct intercellular communication; Cell differentiation:  Characteristics, types, mechanism and control.

Unit 6: Mendel’s Experiments and the laws of inheritance, Alleles and their interactions, Gene  Interactions; Sex determination and Sex linked inheritance; DNA the genetic material,  Mechanism and Practical application of DNA, Replication, Proofreading and Repair,  Translation: RNA-directed polypeptide synthesis, Regulation of Translation, Post  translational Events.

Unit 7: Mutations-Point Mutations, Chromosomal Mutations, Spontaneous and Induced Mutations;  Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Genomes, Transcriptional and Post Transcriptional regulation of  Gene Expression; Human Genetics-Genetic disorders- Single gene disorders, Multifactorial  Disorders and Chromosomal Disorders, Genetic Councelling, Gene Therapy, Eugenics;  Cloning- Molecular, Reproductive and Therapeutic.

Unit 8: Immune System: innate and Adaptive Immune system, Antigens and Antibodies reactions,  
Mechanism of Antibody Mediated Immunity. Major Histo-compatibility Complex (MHC)  Microbial cultures- Culture Techniques and Management; Bacterial cell- Sctructure Growth,  Genetics and Pathogenesis; Virus: Structure, Replication, Genetics & Gene therapy,  Pathogenesis.

Unit 9: Glycogenesis- Physiological role of Glycogen, Glycogenolysis, Glycolysis, Oxidation of  Pyruvic acid to Acetyl Coenzyme A, Citric Acid Cycle, Pentose Phosphate pathway,  Uronic Acid Pathway, Glyconeogenesis, Dicarboxylic Acid shuttle, Glyoxylic Acid  Pathway; Oxidation of Triacylglycerol- Beta Oxidation of fatty Acids, Metabolism  of Glycerol, The Ketone bodies- formation, utilization, Ketosis, Ketoacidosis; synthesis  of fatty acids.

Unit 10: Biosynthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids, Ornithine Cycle, Fat and Water soluble  Vitamins; Enzyme action, Factors affecting Enzyme activity, Kinetics, Enzyme inhibition,  Allosteric Enzyme, Coenzymes, Isoenzymes.

Unit 11: Major products of Digestion, Absorption, Defecation; Cutaneous respiration, Gills and  Lung, Air Sacs, Dissociation Curve of Oxy-haemoglobin, Respiratory pigments, Chloride  Shift; Evolution of heart, Blood groups-ABO system, Rhesus system, Clotting of blood-  Mechanism factors affecting clotting and Natural inhibitors; Kidney structure and function,  Ammonotelic, Uricotellic and Uriotelic animals. Excreting Nitrogenous wastes- Ammonia,  Urea, Uric Acid; Chemoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Photoreceptors, Nervous system.

Unit 12: Gametogenesis and Fertilization; Cleavage, Blastulation and Gastrulation; Differentiation  and growth; Embryonic induction and Organizers:- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and  Quaternery organizers; Regeneration- Types, Mechanism and physiological process  involved and factors affecting regeneration; Hormones: Types of Hormones and their  actions Hormonal control of Testicular and Ovarian Functions.

Unit 13: Cultiviable Fish species, Composite fish Culture; induced breeding techniques in fishes;  Sericulture- Types of silk and kinds of silk worms, Rearing techniques and diseases  affecting Sericulture and their management; Bee keeping methods, Diseases and tools  For Bee keeping; Lac Culture: Types of Lac, life cycle of Lac insect, Harvesting and  Extraction of Lac, uses and Enemies of Lac.

Unit 14: Ecosystem: Components, food chains and food webs; Population size, growth, limiting  Factors, Carrying capacity, Natality, Mortality; Water Pollution causes, effects and  Management; Animal behaviour- Biological Rhythm, Orientation and Navigation;  Evidences and Theories of Organic Evolution; Species and their formation.

Unit 15: Important Sanctuaries and National Parks of India, Endengered wild life species; Species  Extinction due to Habitat Loss; Introduction of Predators, Competitors and Pathogens;  Over-exploitation; Rapid Climatic change; Habitat Restoration and Species recovery by  Captive propogation; Wildlife of Jammu and Kashmir- Mammals and Birds (Pheasant and  Waterfowl).
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